4^th International Conference on Blood Malignancies and Treatment April 18-19, 2016 Dubai,UAE

Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Different kinds of leukemia are believed to have different causes. There are four main types of leukemia — acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three quarters of leukemia cases in children being ALL

Myeloma is a cancer arising from plasma cells, a type of white blood cell which is made in the bone marrow. Unlike many cancers, myeloma does not exist as a lump or tumour. Myeloma can be of smoldering type & the common known as multiple myeloma. Myeloma affects multiple places in the body (hence ‘multiple’ myeloma) where bone marrow is normally active in an adult i.e. within the bones of the spine, skull, pelvis, the rib cage, long bones of the arms and legs and the areas around the shoulders and hips. Myeloma is a relapsing-remitting cancer.

The myelodysplastic syndromes (also known as MDS or myelodysplasia) are haematological medical conditions with ineffective production of all blood cells. In some cases, the disease worsens and the patient develops low blood counts caused by progressive bone marrow failure. The myelodysplastic syndromes are all disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. In MDS, blood production is disorderly and ineffective. The number and quality of blood-forming cells decline irreversibly, further impairing blood production. In this section detailed information about myelodysplastic syndromes will be discussed.

Childhood blood cancers are rare. The major subtypes of childhood blood cancers are lymphoblastic, Burkitt, large B cell & anaplastic large cell. Treatment at special centres for children and teens provides the advantages of specialized care. In addition, childhood cancers tend to respond to treatment better than adult cancers do, and children's bodies often tolerate treatment better. Treatment may involve antibiotics, blood transfusions, or other measures to fight infection. In this section, we will be discussing about the various types of childhood blood cancers, symptoms included, their diagnosis & treatment options available.

To confirm the presence of cancer and the severity or the stages of the cancer various cancer detection tests are carried out; certain cancer blood tests or other laboratory tests, such as an analysis of your urine or a biopsy of a suspicious area, to help guide the diagnosis. With the exception of blood cancers, blood tests generally can't absolutely tell cancer or some other noncancerous condition, but they can give your doctor the clues about what's going on inside the body. The other kind of tests performed to diagnose or confirm blood cancer can also include complete blood count and Blood protein testing, Tumour marker tests and Biopsy, Cytogenetic, Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Endoscopy.

The cause is usually different from other types of cancer. Experts say that Blood Malignancies arise due to different causes, some of them are suspected and some are yet to be. It is nearly impossible to prove what caused a blood cancer in any individual, because most blood cancers have multiple possible causes.

Discussions will be carried out on the suspecting and suspected causes of blood cancer that include: Exposure to radiation and chemicals, Genetic predisposition, drugs, Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV), Electromagnetic energy, Genetic factors (chromosomal abnormalities, maternal fetal transmission (rare).

Staging is the process of determining the extent to which a cancer has developed by spreading. Contemporary practice is to assign a number from I-IV to a blood cancer, with I being an isolated cancer and IV being a cancer which has spread to the limit of what the assessment measures. The stage generally takes into account the size of a tumor, whether it has invaded adjacent organs, how many regions it has spread to, and whether it has appeared in more distant locations .There are different yards sticks to distinguish blood cancer into different stages according to the symptoms of prognosis and rate of metastasis. In this section discussions will be carried out on different stages of various blood cancers.

Treatment depends on many factors, including the type of cancer; age; how fast the cancer is progressing; where the cancer has spread; the symptoms and other health conditions. According to one of the most recent findings, researchers have come up with a curative alternative to blood cancer. The medication seeks to block the release of irregular enzymes accountable for the metastasis of blood cancer that are various therapies. Surfeit of protein accountable for the enlargement and increase of cancerous cells are likely to be blocked as well by the researched medication.

A bone marrow transplant is a procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. Bone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside your bones. Stem cells are immature cells in the bone marrow that give rise to all of your blood cells. A biopsy is a sample of tissue taken from the body in order to examine it more closely. A doctor should recommend a biopsy when an initial test suggests that an area of tissue in the body isn't normal. Doctors may call that area of abnormal tissue a lesion, a tumour, or a mass.Topics of discussion in the scientific sessions are Bone Marrow Surgery, Stem Cell Surgery, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantations

Cancer immunology is a branch of immunology that studies interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumors or malignancies). It is a growing field of research that aims to discover innovative cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease. The immune response, including the recognition of cancer-specific antigens, is of particular interest in the field as knowledge gained drives the development of targeted therapy (such as new vaccines and antibody therapies) and tumour marker-based diagnostic tests. These scientific sessions will include the discussion on various topics such as Immunotherapeutic approaches, immune tolerance and deficiencies, Anti-Blood Cancer Factor and immunotherapy.

Many Advanced approaches to treat patients with blood cancer. Developments in personalized treatment are taken into account the type, location, and stage of the disease as well as the patient's age and physical health. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for blood cancer, though some patients receive radiation therapy as well and/or a transplant of stem cells or bone marrow. According to studies, antioxidants like lymohotoxins can also reduce the risk of one suffering from Blood Malignancies.

Major discussions will be carried out on Molecular Pathogenesis and Personalized Treatment, Epidemiology of Blood Cancer ,Blood Cancer Awareness and Society, Alternate Cancer therapy, Prevention of blood cancer, Importance of Antioxidants.           

The estimate of how the disease will go for a patient is called prognosis. There are many factors affect prognosis that include: the type of cancer and where it is in the body, the stage of the cancer, the cancer’s grade. Grade provides clues about how quickly the cancer is likely to grow and spread certain traits of the cancer cells, the age and how healthy body was before cancer & how successful is the treatment.

Other features that are related to blood cancer include several other factors. Anaemia is a common side effect of chemotherapy procedures & sometimes blood cancer itself is cause of anaemia. Researches have shown that there is a clear connection between blood cancer and thrombosis, because some of the genetic changes that cause blood cancer also increase the activation of clotting factors. People with cancer are at increased risk of developing these dangerous blood clots. The other risk factors include blood transfusions, lymphatic System defects, exposure to radiation and carcinogenic chemicals.

Socio economic factors also serve to play a role in Blood Cancer. Some syndromes that are caused by genetic mutations (abnormal changes) present at birth seem to raise the risk of Blood Cancer.